]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name 2 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is the "universal collection": the collection which, by definition, contains everything there is. Every thing in the Cyc ontology -- every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (of any kind), every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>, and every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> -- is an instance of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Similarly, every collection is a subcollection of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Trivially, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is both an instance of and a subcollection of itself, and is not a subcollection of any other collection. (Note that the above reference to "every thing in the Cyc ontology" is not meant to be limited to things actually reified in the Cyc system, but includes (e.g.) every instance -- reified or not, known or not -- of every collection recognized by Cyc.) Thing thing NonAbduciblePredicate The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4roVp5w1zKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbduciblePredicate</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a> whose instances will not be used in the generation of hypotheses during an abductive inference. Abductive inferences involve hypothesizing states of affairs for the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4roVp5w1zKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbduciblePredicate</a> are those predicates that represent states of affairs which Cyc will not hypothesize. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4roVp5w1zKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbduciblePredicate</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge rather than hypothesizing new chunks of such knowledge. non abducible predicate wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv09GqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaRelation</a> used for stating that a given relation takes a specified number of arguments. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> RELN N)</code> means that that semantic well-formedness requires that <code>RELN</code> take exactly <code>N</code> arguments at a time. That is, a formula <code>(RELN ARG1 ... ARGM)</code> is semantically well-formed only if <code>M</code> = <code>N</code>. For example, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> is 2. Note that full semantic well-formedness requires obeying argument-type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV3kTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgTypePredicate</a>) as well as arity constraints. For a general explanation of semantic well-formedness, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJHhhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Assertible</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWAXgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Askable</a>. arity arity