]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). social event SocialOccurrence societal event societal events social events http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-social_event-noun-1 The collection of events in which a decision is reached by some group of agents (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>), and in which the relevant opinions of each of the agents are given due consideration in reaching that decision. This collection includes cases of informal collective decision-making (such as when a group of friends makes a collective decision to see a particular movie), as well as cases of formal collective decision-making (such as national <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrmEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Election</a>s) Deciding-Collectively consensus ArrestingAPersonOrGroupOfPersons A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV399JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LawEnforcementActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rkZETXpS_QdmA6ayLEYRZbg" class="cyc_term">ArrestingAPersonOrGroupOfPersons</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> or group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s is arrested. Each instance of this collection has at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbX8ShiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">ArrestingSomeone</a> (q.v.) as a subevent. arresting consultation ConsultingAnExpert The collection of events in which someone consults a professional in order to solve a problem within that professional's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3upwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fieldsOfCompetence</a>. During the event, the professional gives some advice, which we expect the consultor to follow, and if they do, then we expect this to further some professional goal of the consultant (such as a doctor's goal of helping patients to be healthy). group activity This is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. GroupActivity befriending an organism BefriendingAnAgent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZHywpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpressingFriendship</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of this collection is a event in which one agent acts friendly toward another to establish a friendship. Positive examples of this collection would include the overtures made to a shy cat to befriend it as well as the approachs of children on a playground to become friends. communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rt4Hz8rsOQdiUO4DMdSL3eA" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpBwKLLsPQdiZUP7Z9IOkww" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjJB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViSEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVix4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjt_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj_IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. Communicating CulturalEvent The collection of events having something to do with some particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhZiPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Culture_Practice</a>. This includes museum displays, concerts, celebrations, etc. (each of which is a considered to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the culture to which it belongs). culture adultery The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwdOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a> in which at least one of the participants is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbqdVPHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Married</a>, and at least one of the other participants is not that person's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spouse</a>. ExtraMaritalSexualBehavior founding FoundingAnOrganization The collection of all events in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is formally established. PromotionalEvent The collection of occurrences or events held at least partly to promote some product or service, or to help some candidate get elected to public office. promotion mobilization Mobilization The collection of all mobilizations. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. hosting The collection of events in which an agent plays host to (somehow looks after the wants of) visitors, guests, etc. Hosting A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIjpDMsCIEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">AdverseSocialAction</a> is an event in which some agent performs an act adverse to some agent(s) in which multiple agents, at least one of whom is acting deliberately, take part. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmingAnAgent</a>. AdverseSocialAction adversarial action WithdrawingARepresentative withdrawing a representative Events in which an organization or individual withdraws (one or more) of its/his/her representatives from another organization, conference, etc. Examples: a country calling home its ambassador from another country, a company ordering its representatives to leave a conference or a negotiating session. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDOLbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WithdrawingARepresentative</a> frequently involve a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV-BF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Translation_LocationChange</a>, as the ambassador leaves the country, the lawyer leaves the place of negotiations, etc. (But sometimes merely having a representative refuse to show up to a meeting is sufficient.) Such events have the individual or organization being represented as their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViWkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">directingAgent</a>. Unilateral decisions to leave by the representative herself/themselves are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDOLbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WithdrawingARepresentative</a>. These are escorting events relating to security procedures, rather than to entertainment. EscortingSomeone escort stock trading on the London Stock Exchange (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn StockTrading mediators LondonStockExchange) MultipleDoerAction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_U7TfL4WQdiDpefDhGfeFA" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a> is an action which must have more than one &quot;doer&quot; (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) to be a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_U7TfL4WQdiDpefDhGfeFA" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a>, it must be true to assert, for any instance ACT of that type of action, both (doneBy ACT X) and (doneBy ACT Y), for some X and Y that are different. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_U7TfL4WQdiDpefDhGfeFA" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjx_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeamSportsCompetition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKarZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MeetingSomeone</a>. multiple doer action performing PerformingInFrontOfGroup ArrestingSomeone arrest The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbB4BkCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TakingAPersonPrisoner</a> which constitute legally sanctioned arrests by law enforcement officers. EmergencyCall-Script emergency call Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru_GIdIfRQdeS2LhcJADOOw" class="cyc_term">EmergencyCall_Script</a> is a complex script in which a report of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqkmqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emergency</a> is made to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxWxIDocwQdebspT6S-X9Ug" class="cyc_term">EmergencyDispatchService</a>, and the appropriate emergency response team goes to the location of the emergency to assess the situation and provide aid. The collection of behaviors that go against the social conventions of politeness. This will be a different set of behaviors in different circumstances (contexts). In an office, e.g., it might be rude to make a loud noise, but at a football game it might be rude to not do so. RudeAction rude thing Punishing punishing Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViZKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Punishing</a> are events which one agent does to another agent in return for some offense. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rkSROupPYQdiAos7FpwD7DA" class="cyc_term">ObligationCreatingEvent</a> is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a> is created. After an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rkSROupPYQdiAos7FpwD7DA" class="cyc_term">ObligationCreatingEvent</a>, some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> has an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a> that he didn't have before. Two notable specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV78CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPromise</a>. ObligationCreatingEvent obligation creating event ResolvingByMediation mediating A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfzjxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResolvingByMediation</a> is an event in which one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVicSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">mediators</a> resolves a conflict (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a>). restraining an individual or group RestrainingSomeone A collection of all events in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> that can be called 'conflicts'. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a> CONF, there are at least two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s AGT1 and AGT2 such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpf1a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">opponentsInConflict</a> AGT1 AGT2 CONF) holds. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a> CONF, there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of CONF, which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>s, and there are GOAL1 and GOAL2 such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> AGT1 ACT1 GOAL1), (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> AGT2 ACT2 GOAL2), and GOAL1 and GOAL2 are in conflict, i.e., (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">and</a> GOAL1 GOAL2) is not consistent (in the current <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>). ConflictEvent conflict transferring possession TransferringPossession A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a>, the possession of a single object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0z5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfPossessionTransfer</a>) is transferred from one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> to another. Such an event alters the rights of _two_ different agents to use the object in question: one agent loses some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIh5wwHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SituationTypeByUserRights</a> (q.v.) over it, while the other agent gains some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIh5wwHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SituationTypeByUserRights</a> over it. Thus each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a> event is both a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWQcoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LosingUserRights</a> event and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWRg15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GainingUserRights</a> event. Note that in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViy4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bartering</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Renting</a>, _two_ such <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a>s occur, because there are two objects whose possession is transferred. For example, in buying a car, the right to use the buyer's money is transferred to the auto seller, while the ownership of the car is transferred to the buyer. In such cases, both of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a> events (one for each object) are subevents (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>) of the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Renting</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViy4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bartering</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExchangeOfUserRights</a>. Interviewing The collection of events in which one or more agents interviews one or more other agents for the purpose of gathering information (usually about the interviewees, or about something in which they have a vested interest). interview social occasion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjrvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialGathering</a> is an intentional social gathering of people who have the same or similar purposes in attending, and in which there is communication between the participants. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVismJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BabyShower</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carnival</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzq75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rally</a>. Note that a group of people waiting to board an elevator is not typically a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjrvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialGathering</a>, even though they share a common purpose, since they are not expected to talk to each other. SocialGathering A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeddingEvent_Entire</a> is a complex event, usually discontinuous in time, consisting of all of the applicable &quot;parts&quot; of the event of getting married. These various parts will be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeddingEvent_Entire</a>. They minimally include a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViEfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeddingCeremony</a>, and (depending on the culture, the wishes of the betrothed, etc.) might also include a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeddingReception</a> and perhaps other social events (for one or both partners and their friends and family) before or after the actual ceremony. wedding WeddingEvent-Entire Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio -- it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a ``get out the vote'' effort, or a smear campaign. mass communication MassCommunicating A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV50MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangeInUserRights</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExchangeOfUserRights</a>, two instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV37_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exchangers</a>) perform two distinct (though related) instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a> with each other. Two objects are exchanged. Each agent gains possession -- in the form of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIh5wwHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SituationTypeByUserRights</a> -- of something (an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0z5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfPossessionTransfer</a>) from the other. Each transfer is related to the other as some kind of condition, usually as a precondition or an intended result; for example, the news seller will hand over a paper if given fifty cents, and a buyer will give the news seller fifty cents so that the seller will turn over a newspaper to the buyer. The two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViM85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferringPossession</a> events are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExchangeOfUserRights</a> event. exchange ExchangeOfUserRights rescuing The collection of events in which a person is removed from a dangerous situation. Examples would include rescuing someone who is lost in the wilderness, as well as rescuing someone who is being held captive. RescuingSomeone The collection of activities, methods, and tactics in furtherance of affecting governmental policies (or sometimes activities of other large institutions). Politics politics public event The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s which occur in front of, or in the contemporaneous awareness of, a large number of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVz97JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePublic</a>. Usually these are intended to be public events, such as the Olympics, a public beheading, etc. PublicEvent Trend vogue A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpisE_MsJEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">AestheticDiscrimination</a>. Each instance is the popular taste at a given time. Project project An organized endeavor with a set goal negotiating Negotiating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>. In each instance of this collection an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> communicates with another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> with the (ostensible) purpose of their reaching an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. Two notable specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5qSV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bargaining</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVrT7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContractNegotiation</a>. Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture SportsAction sports action A purposeful action in sports, commonly used and practiced. ChangeOfPropertyHoldings change of property holdings <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIRtNKG7nQdiNBpO2x0iMAA" class="cyc_term">ChangeOfPropertyHoldings</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> where there is some change in the state of property. This includes both rights over that property, as well as the current disposition of that property relative to a constant owner. The most numerous sub-collections of this collection are the sub-collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV50MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangeInUserRights</a>. However, a smaller segment involves changes in the state of property without a change in rights. Thus, transferring money from a checking account to a savings account (both held with the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BankOrganization</a>) would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIRtNKG7nQdiNBpO2x0iMAA" class="cyc_term">ChangeOfPropertyHoldings</a> without being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV50MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangeInUserRights</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> is an event featuring social celebrations and/or rituals. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> typically last for one day (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a>) and typically coincide with some day of the year (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarDay</a>). However, some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> (such as the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhn4KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChanukkahHoliday</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP6yFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oktoberfest_Holiday</a>) last for several days. While instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> are often annual events, they may also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner. They are also contextual, as different nationalities and ethnic groups celebrate different ones. holiday Holiday An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryAWtbsPbEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">GainingAnAgentsFavor</a> is an event in which one agent gains the favor of another (intentionally or otherwise). In such an event, the latter agent comes to regard the former agent with support, approval, and the like. gaining an agents favor GainingAnAgentsFavor social event in Asia (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn SocialOccurrence eventOccursAt ContinentOfAsia) order A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Requesting_CommunicationAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ordering_CommunicationAct</a> is a communication act in which an agent orders one or more other agents to do something. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ordering_CommunicationAct</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYeyc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ordering_MilitaryCommunicationAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmvc3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AssigningAgentToRole</a>. Ordering-CommunicationAct The collection of all incidents in which all or most existing contacts between a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and the circle of their acquaintances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi-tpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">acquaintedWith</a>) are severed, so that the majority of their close friends, associates, colleagues, business partners, etc. do not know where they are or what is happening to them. Instances should be considered to begin with the 'severing-of-ties' and extend for as long as the condition of general ignorance among affiliates persists. Instances may or may not be carried out deliberately by the person who does the disappearing. disappearance Disappearance-SocialOccurrence commercial activity CommercialActivity A collection of events and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7B1XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EconomicAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjdf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Transaction</a>. Instances of this collection include all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, marketing, paying for bought items, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, etc. Its many specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpz69ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LoanRepaying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Renting</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtt8wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductRecall</a>. <p/> Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a>, they are not the same. Firstly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a> does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests fall under the definition of commercial activity above (consider head-hunting, for example). trick or treating TrickOrTreating is a collection of events which take place on Halloween children dress in costumes on the Halloween evening, and go from house to house collecting candy. TrickOrTreating meeting event A collection of actions. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKarZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MeetingSomeone</a> event, one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> is moving and meets (comes into close proximity with) another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. This may or may not be purposeful. It may be done by non-human animals, and occasionally by other sorts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. <p/> Note: this does not mean &quot;being introduced to someone&quot;, but rather &quot;going to meet with someone&quot;. MeetingSomeone HelpingAnAgent helping A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBn8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HelpingAnAgent</a> is an event in which some agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>) helps another agent, either by doing something that directly benefits that agent, or by preventing something that would harm that agent. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBn8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HelpingAnAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwD2KWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RescuingSomeone</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjtKuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReliefOperation</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServiceEvent</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>, Each instance of this collection is an online conversation between two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s logged in remotely to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. The program sends each participant's utterances more-or-less in real time in the order in which they were received to all clients connected to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. Typically, a user's utterance is identified by their username or graphical 'avatar'. online chat OnlineChat Uproar uproar The collection of karaoke singing events. During such events people typically take turns singing popular songs at a microphone, often reading the words they are singing off a screen that is syncronized with the sound base of the song itself. KaraokeEvent karaoke breaking an agreement BreakingAnAgreement A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DestructionEvent</a>: the collection of events in which one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a> to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> does something which goes against the terms of that agreement. Examples would include a country defying the provisions of some treaty it has signed; a tenant breaking a lease agreement by moving out before the lease term has expired; a hotel refusing to honor a reservation a customer had made; and so on. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>. requesting an apology RequestingAnApology This is the collection of actions in which a human agent--that is, an individual person or an organization--requests an apology from another. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SociabilityBasedAction</a> is an action done mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important. SociabilityBasedAction social activity (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSI6e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttendingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentEvent</a>) is the collection of subevents of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentEvent</a> which subevents consist of the attending of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentEvent</a>. So assertions about (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSI6e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttendingFn</a> EntertainmentEvent) should be assertions about attending an entertainment event, as opposed to performing in, or hosting, or otherwise producing an entertainment event. Note that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSI6e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttendingFn</a> EntertainmentEvent) is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RecreationalActivity</a>, whereas its complement, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvaXXZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PerformingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentEvent</a>), which picks out only the subevents of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentEvent</a> which involve the production end of an entertainment event, is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServiceEvent</a>. (AttendingFn EntertainmentEvent) attending entertaining ordering food and drink (OrderingFn FoodOrDrink) BusinessEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a> is a purposeful activity that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent. Examples include the development of General Motors' business plan for 2003, an individual sales call on a particular customer, printing the 2003 Yellow Pages directory for the Los Angeles area, selling a newspaper, and designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. <p/> Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>, they are not the same. Firstly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a> does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests involve buying or selling (consider head-hunting, for example). business activity Forgiving forgiving The collection of acts in which a human agent pardons some past perceived wrong on the part of another human agent. The collection of actions in which one organization is merged into another. This is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> because an entity is not always brought into being during these actions. In some cases, the merged organization becomes a owned suborganization of the organization into which it is being merged. In others, the merged organizations become parts of a new organization that was created by the merger. This collection includes cases where both organizations are voluntary participants as well as cases that people consider to be &quot;forced&quot; mergers. OrganizationMerger merger or acquisition (CollectionIntersection2Fn SocialOccurrence PurposefulAction) social event that is also an intentional action the union of { execution, execution } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Execution-Judicial ExecutionStyleMurder)) influencing an agent A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>s. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwG1h15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfluencingAnAgent</a>, one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> deliberately and successfully influences the actions of another (or at least the other's dispositions to act). This collection is restricted to &quot;influence&quot; through cognitive or emotional channels -- e.g. influencing someone through rational persuasion, through appeals to emotion, or by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvlLn7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAThreat</a>. Affecting someone's behavior solely by the application of physical force -- e.g. twisting your arm to make you cry out -- is not influencing in the relevant sense. Also, this collection does not include cases where an agent A influences the actions of B unknowingly -- e.g., by serving as a role model for B, or by unintentionally alienating B. Borderline cases involve the influenced agent acting in a way the influencer did not envision -- e.g. my telling you to be more assertive in your personal relationships, and you responding to the advice (to my horror) by beating someone up. InfluencingAnAgent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EndingAnAgreement</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> comes to an end. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjZhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmploymentTermination</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EndingAnAgreement</a>. end of an agreement EndingAnAgreement A collection of events. In each element of this collection, a group of military personal acts as if it were in a warfare situation for training purposes. However, often it does not involve real weapons. MilitaryExercise military exercise change of status ChangeOfStatusEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsq4fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangeOfStatusEvent</a> are events in which the (generally social) status of an object, person, group, or organization changes. Apologizing This is the collection of actions in which one human agent--that is, an individual person or an organization--expresses regret to another for a previous wrong. apologizing A collection of actions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8C5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneToManyCommunication</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv1hHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostingToNewsgroup</a>, an agent causes the generation of a new <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9-EFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetNewsgroupMessage</a> - by causing a message to be sent out as one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv6HodJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">episodes</a> of a newsgroup. posting PostingToNewsgroup (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn StockTrading mediators AlternativeInvestmentMarket) stock trading on the Alternative Investment Market sexual intercourse In the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseKB</a>, this refers to the act of two animals engaged in sexual copulation. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj-c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivitiesMt</a> (and related Mts) for assertions about this activity by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. SexualCopulation banking The collection of all banking. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>. Banking Jockeying jockeying rite A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKMU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ritual</a> is a highly stylized or formalized action (or series of actions) performed by a person or group of persons. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ritual</a> are usually performed with some solemnity. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ritual</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjq_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ceremony</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj9YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Funeral</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parade</a>. Ritual MeetingBetweenMughniyahAndBinLaden A meeting between Imad Mughniyah and Osama bin Laden Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString social participant An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> (q.v.) and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a> with respect to social events. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">socialParticipants</a> SOCIAL-EVENT AGENT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> AGENT participates --- in some social role --- in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> SOCIAL-EVENT. In every culture there is a wide variety of such relations of social participation, thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">socialParticipants</a> has many specializations. Some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a lawsuit in 1990's America), and some are fairly simple (e.g. rudely bumping into someone). Some example specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjs1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjRYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">interviewee</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMtbEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">tourParticipants</a>. Note that AGENT's participation in SOCIAL-EVENT need not be deliberate or intentional: one can sleep through a meeting and a newborn baby can attend a picnic. For social participation that is expressly deliberate, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviC0JpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deliberateSocialParticipants</a>. socialParticipants EventOrRoleConcept the event or role domain A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a> (q.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8IAy8P-fEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EventOrRoleConcept</a> are collections and relations having to do with general kinds of events and the roles that things can play in them. Major specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Role</a>, and other relations used for stating significant facts about events (such as time, place, causes, and effects) are instances of this collection. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjoypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a>. event with both physical and mental components A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). social event SocialOccurrence some sample kinds of social actions social topic SomeSampleKindsOfSocialActions-Social-Topic The collection of objects, tangible or otherwise, which are typically conceptualized by human beings for purposes of common-sense reasoning as containers. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbyh-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Container_Underspecified</a> includes not only the set of all physical containers, like boxes and suitcases, but metaphoric containers as well (such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgJTqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mind</a>, which is a container of ideas; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, which is a container of emotions; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spleen</a>, a container of anger, sentences, which are containers of words, arguments, which are containers of propositions, etc.). Container-Underspecified container-underspecified Required Actor Slots A typed-specialization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvo8bsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rolesForEventType</a> (q.v.), whose second argument-place is constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> EVENTTYPE ACTORSLOT) means that for any instance EVENT of EVENTTYPE, there is some participant ACTOR that fills ACTORSLOT in EVENT (i.e. (ACTORSLOT EVENT ACTOR) holds). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>) means that in any creation event some output is created. requiredActorSlots Top-Topic top-topic A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). social event SocialOccurrence first-order collection FirstOrderCollection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Analyst-PertinentConcept the intelligence analyst reasoning domain An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r46fYpnaNEduAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgycE6OKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyTLHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$TKBInterfaceCollection</font>. candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode