]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> done by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) arranging its limbs or other body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some meaningful configuration (static or dynamic). Vocal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>s are not considered to be gestures (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVid9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnOralSound</a> for this), but they might be done in conjunction with gestures. NB: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is NOT a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>; at most, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is only half of a communication event. And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for communication. Thus, only some gestures are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. (But note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> IS a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> (q.v.), since every gesture encodes information, whether or not it is used for communication in a particular instance.) MakingAGesture gesturing motions will gesture gesture will gesticulate gesticulate will have gestured gestured motioning has gesticulated had gesticulated motioned has gestured had motioned have motioned will have gesticulated gesticulates gestures gesticulating will have motioned have gestured motion will motion have gesticulated had gestured has motioned gesticulated http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-gesticulate-verb-1 The set of actions in which a performer lowers his (or her) head by bending the neck forward; usually understood to express shame or disappointment. HangingOnesHead hanging ones head The set of actions in which a performer raises a clenched fist and moves it back and forth in a triumphant or defiant gesture. This is not the personally threatening action of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVih0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShakingAFist</a> at someone. waving a fist WavingAFist shrugging Shrugging-Gesture A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rE-ub3rAaQdiJ_rQ4mFEoSQ" class="cyc_term">Shrugging_Gesture</a> is an event in which an agent quickly lifts and lowers both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViCM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoulder</a>s as an expression of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rEZCWELAeQdiCCsX7FaQv7Q" class="cyc_term">Uncertainty</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8ROPDrAeQdiJfKNem5W-nA" class="cyc_term">Indifference</a>. This does not include, e.g., shrugging one's shoulders as part of an exercise routine. PointingThumbsUp pointing thumbs up The set of actions in which a performer points his/her thumb upward to signify approval, pride, or triumph. spreading body parts SpreadingBodyParts The collection of all gestures in which an animal (person) spreads two or more like body parts apart to make a gesture, e.g., spreading fingers apart, spreading arms apart, etc. The set of actions in which a person raises two fingers (index and middle) to form a ''V,'' signifying victory. making a victory gesture MakingAVictoryGesture pointing thumbs down PointingThumbsDown The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> in which a performer points his/her thumb downward to signify <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgDKcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Disapproval</a>. wringing The set of actions in which a person repeatedly clasps, rubs, or grasps his/her own hands; an expression of nervousness or worry. WringingHands bow Bowing The set of actions in which the performer points an index finger at someone or something s/he finds remarkable or objectionable. pointing PointingAFinger shaking one's head ShakingHead The set of actions in which the performer shakes his head. making obscene gestures The set of actions in which a person makes an obscene or objectionable sign, usually with fingers, hands, or arms; an expression of contempt or hostile provocation. MakingAnObsceneGesture exserting ExsertingSomething A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ry8kppLHcEdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">ExsertingSomething</a>, some animal thrusts or extends out something as a gesture. The collection of actions in which a performer closes one or both hands to make a fist or fists, either intentionally or semi-reflexively. ClenchingFists clenching one's fists A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>. In each <font color="#ff0000">#$NoddingOnesHead</font>, someone expresses or signifies something by nodding. nodding Nodding-Gesture WavingAHand-Gesture The set of actions in which the performer moves a hand (or both hands) back and forth as a friendly greeting to an individual or to a crowd of people. waving The set of actions in which the performer waves one or both arms. waving one or both arms in the air WavingArmsInAir A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ry8dU5bHcEdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">GesturingByWinking</a>, someone signals by winking. GesturingByWinking winking FlingingArmsWide flinging arms wide The set of actions in which a person kisses his/her hand and blows on it, as if blowing the kiss toward the recipient(s); generally, something done by a performer in front of a crowd of fans. BlowingAKiss blowing a kiss WereNumberOneing Victory gesture that expresses 'We're number one!' Often performed at sports events with the aid of a comically large foam hand. were number oneing The set of actions in which the performer raises one or both arms upward to express celebration or triumph. RaisingArmsInVictory raising arms in victory salute Saluting A gesture indicating respect. In the US Military, placing the index finger side of the flattened right hand to the brow is the salute used. The set of actions in which a performer presents a clenched fist and moves it back and forth within someone's sight, usually while standing close to him, as a personally threatening or defiant gesture. shaking a fist ShakingAFist The set of actions in which a performer holds something (e.g., a flag) that s/he waves back and forth, esp. in a crowd of people. WavingSomething waving A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (<font color="#ff0000">#$EventSumFn</font> PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType type of cumulative event A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>; that is, a thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> if and only if it is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> can be constructed from instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0VWpmNnEQdiJDq0mDlTBkQ" class="cyc_term">ProcessFn</a> (q.v.). ProcessType type of temporally stuff-like thing that is also a type of durative event seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI VoluntaryBodyMovement voluntary body movement A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj245wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyMovementEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VoluntaryBodyMovement</a> is an event in which an animal intentionally moves one part of its body relative to another part of its body. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VoluntaryBodyMovement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViC3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunchingSomeone</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>. InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic MakingAGesture The collection of acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> done by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) arranging its limbs or other body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some meaningful configuration (static or dynamic). Vocal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>s are not considered to be gestures (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVid9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnOralSound</a> for this), but they might be done in conjunction with gestures. NB: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is NOT a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>; at most, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is only half of a communication event. And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for communication. Thus, only some gestures are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. (But note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> IS a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> (q.v.), since every gesture encodes information, whether or not it is used for communication in a particular instance.) gesturing physical information transfer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> (q.v.) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> each instance of which involves at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, either as its source (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV5PA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>), as (at least one of) its destination(s) (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationDestination</a>), or both. (A partially tangible source or destination, note, must pre-exist the transfer event.) Indeed, most if not all actual information transfer events are physical events; but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvucXhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a> does in principle exclude those such as telepathic communications between disembodied spirits or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>s. InformationTransferPhysicalEvent Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a> is an action that generates visual information (i.e. information of a kind typically accessed via the sense of sight). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisplayingSomething</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>. If a given visual-information-generating act also involves conveying the information to another agent (i.e. if it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>), then it is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVik_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> (q.v.). Or a visual-information-generating act might be a proper sub-event of a visual-communicating act. VisualInformationGeneratingAct transmission of visual information