]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVr8vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StatingSomething</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> must create the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> and it contains propositional information. The illocutionary force of its contents are an <font color="#ff0000">#$Inform</font>. Statement disclosure disclosures statement statements http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-statement-noun-1 comment Commentary A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a>. Each instance is a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material. FinancialInterestDisclosure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQVcRgk2SQdmYxOjaFGbTqg" class="cyc_term">FinancialInterestDisclosure</a> is a statement that reveals the financial interests of an agent. Often these are required to be presented to demonstrate that an agent does not have any conflicts of interest. financial interest disclosure mathematical statement A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a>. Each instance is a statement of a mathematical relation. MathematicalStatement remark Remark A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a>. Each instance is a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief. Decree The collection of all decrees. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a>. decree press release A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWg5SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PressRelease</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> that is directly communicated to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWK6fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePress</a> with the intent that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVz97JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePublic</a> have access to (possibly we should strengthen `have access to' to `recieve' the information. PressRelease The collection of all information bearing things that are the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">communicationToken</a>s in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJKjnTF3dEdaAAABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">Denying_Replying</a>. denial Denial-IBT The collection of all information bearing things that are the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">communicationToken</a>s in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_TU4ZF3cEdaAAABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">Affirming_Replying</a>. Affirmation-IBT affirmation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> whose instances are more or less static, as compared (e.g.) to the more dynamic instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>. The clearest examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>s are tangible things, such as people, lakes, stars, and the Earth's ionosphere. But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> also includes certain intangible temporal things, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a>s, that remain relatively stable throughout their lifetimes. On the other hand, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> excludes &quot;purely temporal&quot; intangibles such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. thing existing stably in time SomethingExisting seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI IBTContentType A collection of collections. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvidr35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTContentType</a> are specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Each such instance (that is, each IBTContentType) is specified primarily by the type or organization of information contained by its instances. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP2KM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JazzMusic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> are all IBTContentTypes, since each is primarily distinguished from other kinds of IBTs by the nature or organization of the information contained. Non-examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Generic</a>, since compact discs are distinguished by their physical format, rather than their information content. (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjSAy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTFormatType</a>). IBTContentTypes whose instances contain not just similar but identical information (such as a single magazine issue, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJ1dg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CitizenKane_TheMovie</a>), should be made specs of the more specific <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViqv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType</a>. IBTContentTypes whose instances are members of a series (for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu55tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarTrek_Classic</a>) should be made instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEbBc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTSeriesType</a>. type of information bearing thing classified by content SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVr8vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StatingSomething</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> must create the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> and it contains propositional information. The illocutionary force of its contents are an <font color="#ff0000">#$Inform</font>. Statement disclosure Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVr8vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StatingSomething</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> must create the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIKZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statement</a> and it contains propositional information. The illocutionary force of its contents are an <font color="#ff0000">#$Inform</font>. Statement disclosure information-bearing thing InformationBearingThing A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (or &quot;IBT&quot;) is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel <i>Moby Dick</i>; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjbE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycProgram</a>. <p/> For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8RaTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYyDjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). <p/> For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv65Pt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextString</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSZiGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a &quot;category error&quot;. Also note that events in which information is transferred (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>) are not considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>.