]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTUOK-GaPEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. IBTGeneration generation of an information bearing thing had expressed generations of an IBT generations of an Information Bearing Thing express have expressed will have expressed generation of an IBT expressing expressed has expressed will express IBT generation expresses boo What you do when you don't like a performance. Booing Expressing approval loudly and enthusiastically by shouting expressions such as 'Hooray' or other approving words; esp. by audiences at performance events. Cheering cheering computer file creation CreatingAFile <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKGcipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAFile</a> is the collection of actions done by computers to generate instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrgHFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKGcipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAFile</a>, a computer stores information on an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStorageMedia</a>. using a language UsingALanguage An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAf-e_IyiQdiXUeUlmj7bXA" class="cyc_term">UsingALanguage</a> is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> produces (tokens of) expressions in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a>. Natural language processing, or NLP, is the collection of all programming (e.g., writing a part of speech tagger) and representation (e.g., adding lexical entries to a knowledge base) activities done in the service of enabling a computer to parse or generate natural language. natural language processing work NaturalLanguageProcessing CWInstantiating CW instantiating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r29TQ3IlUEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">CWInstantiating</a> is an event which instantiates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r30SiOIlUEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">cWInstantiated</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYyDjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rrWKEDDhAEdaAAACQJ5GoQA" class="cyc_term">AttributingResponsibility</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ratGCFr2hEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">Charging_DocumentingResponsibilityForPayment</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> in which an agent documents another agent's responsibility to pay for certain goods or services provided. Examples: a phone company documenting the charge for a long-distance call made by one of its customers, a waiter entering into a computerized register the (fixed-price) items ordered by a restaurant patron. For a different (but closely related) sense of "charging someone for something," see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RequestingPayment</a>. Charging-DocumentingResponsibilityForPayment charging documenting responsibility for payment The collection of all actions in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyclist</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyc</a>) creates new terms in Cyc. creating new concept in cyc CreatingNewConceptInCyc creation of an information-bearing object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, or be instantiated from an existing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWLaoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a>. IBOCreation SettingSoftwareParameter The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViLSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProgramAction</a>s in which the value of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruPv7XA9cEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SoftwareParameter</a> is set. This normally involves the value being changed, but it includes instances when the value is ``overwritten'' with its old value. setting software parameter event in which an Information Bearing Thing is replicated IBTGeneration-Replication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a> is an event in which a new instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT) is created whose content is based on that of a preexisting IBT (which is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV5PA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a> (q.v.) of the generation event). The new IBT contains at least part of the information content of the original IBT. It may use the same or a different way of encoding the information. producing musical sound ProducingMusicalSound The collection of events in which musical sounds are generated (c.f. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>). This collection includes both the production of music by agents (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKpuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingMusicalSound</a>) and the production of music by automated means, as in the playback of a musical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkElZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RecordedSoundProduct</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a> is an action that generates visual information (i.e. information of a kind typically accessed via the sense of sight). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisplayingSomething</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>. If a given visual-information-generating act also involves conveying the information to another agent (i.e. if it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>), then it is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVik_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> (q.v.). Or a visual-information-generating act might be a proper sub-event of a visual-communicating act. VisualInformationGeneratingAct transmission of visual information LanguageProcessing The collection of all events in which representations of one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a> undergo some form of processing to extract some information from representations of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a> and putting that extracted information into some new representational form. The range of possible output representations is not limited to linguistic representations. language processing The collection of all events in which a computer program displays a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rD7Kp8FC8EdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerDisplayLink</a>. This link communicates an available option to the user, and when activated by the user performs some task. For example, when a user activates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSUWiCllcEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerDisplayContinueLink</a>, the program continues a temporarily suspended action. displaying a link DisplayingALink Whistling-Human whistle The whistling that humans do as opposed to birds, or whistles (the physical device) giving an alarm signal GivingAnAlarmSignal The collection of all communicative acts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>) in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCOR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlarmSignal</a> is the primary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. IBTGeneration-Original generation of an original information bearing thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTUOK-GaPEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. IBTGeneration generation of an information bearing thing The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TransferOut A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcFjVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferOut</a> includes all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> in which some object plays the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9UIFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">from_Generic</a>, but in which there may or may not be any object playing the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAyrYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">to_Generic</a>. At the start of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcFjVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferOut</a>, the object playing the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDbKaOuVmQdeTKaYmT-4jgg" class="cyc_term">transferredThing</a> is 'located' at the object playing the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9UIFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">from_Generic</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcFjVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferOut</a> includes, among other things, all instances of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtAG-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emission</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWQcoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LosingUserRights</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj9a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DistributionEvent</a>. Negative examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcFjVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferOut</a> include some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AppropriatingSomething</a> (when there is no previous owner) and some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hearing</a> (when the sounds may come from various unspecified locations). transfer event with well-defined from-location InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> is an event in which information is transferred from a source (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV5PA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>) to one or more destinations (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationDestination</a>), where the source and the various destinations are either intelligent agents or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s (IBTs). Examples include reading a book (transfer of information from the book to the reader), saying something to someone (transfer of information from the speaker to the listener), machine translation (transfer of information from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language), OCR scanning (transfer of information from a visual information source to another IBT in a different format), carving initials in a tree (transfer of information from an agent to an IBT), and making a speech (transfer of information from an agent to other agents). See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvucXhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a>. information transfer InformationTransferEvent Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWdRSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (q.v.) is brought into existence (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>). creation event CreationEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTUOK-GaPEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. IBTGeneration generation of an information bearing thing candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode