]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. letter LetterCopy The collection of copies of letters (#$Letter-Missive). These may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s on instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfPaper</a> or photon patterns being emitted from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXCI_bKU4Ed2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">CathodeRayTube</a>, for example. missive note letters missives notes http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-letter-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-note-noun-1 fan letter The collection of letter that fans of a certain famous person address to the person . FanLetter ResignationLetter resignation letter A letter which contains notice to terminate employment (and the terms) from an individual to an organization. business letter FormalLetter formal letters --- in contrast with informal (often personal) letters. typically, either the recipient or sender is a business. cover letter A formal, usually short, letter included with (and on top of) other material in the same envelope/container and briefly giving the reasons the material is being sent and/or instructions or requests of what to do with it. CoverLetter AppointmentLetter appointment letter A letter which contains an offer of employment (and the terms) from an organization to an individual. SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI HumanAccessibleIBT A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s, each of which contains information, for a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who understands how to interpret it. Examples include a copy of the novel _Moby Dick_, a signal buoy, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjZ7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photograph</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flag</a>, an elevator sign in Braille, a map, a US dollar bill, a word in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a> and a musical performance. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s that must be processed by some device (movie reels, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhonographRecord</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvaeFVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DVD_Disk</a>s, etc.) are not included in this collection. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a>, composed of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a>s that are also objects (i.e,. instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>). Thus the copy of _Moby Dick_, the buoy, the photograph and the flag mentioned above are also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a>s -- but not the word in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a>, nor the musical performance. human culture specific information bearing thing TextualMaterialTypeByFunction type of textual material classified by function An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> and hence a collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rn3yL9FlGEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterialTypeByFunction</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> whose instances perform a particular and distinct type of function -- for instance <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1kFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LeaseDocument</a> (instances of which are used to establish legally binding terms of lease) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1a95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpenseReport</a> (used by employees to request reimbursement for expense). letter LetterCopy The collection of copies of letters (#$Letter-Missive). These may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s on instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfPaper</a> or photon patterns being emitted from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXCI_bKU4Ed2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">CathodeRayTube</a>, for example. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is an IBT a significant part of whose informational content is both (i) encoded in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> (q.v.), usually a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>, and (ii) represented or displayed in a spatial format. Examples include a copy of a newspaper printed in English using the Roman alphabet, a copy of a book printed in English using Braille, and a poster written in Chinese characters. Condition (i) excludes things like hardcopies of drawings, while condition (ii) excludes things like magnetic tapes containing recorded speech. A piece of textual material always involves one or more spatially-localized representations -- usually physical inscriptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7vmsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Inscribed</a>) -- of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>s (q.v.). Textual materials are usually tangible objects (such as the examples given above), but are sometimes intangibles like patterns of light projecting words onto walls or screens. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPublishedText</a>. Note that, while there is considerable overlap between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>, these collections differ in that the latter both includes IBTs that involve no character-string representations and excludes intangibles of any sort. document TextualMaterial A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> whose instances are more or less static, as compared (e.g.) to the more dynamic instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>. The clearest examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>s are tangible things, such as people, lakes, stars, and the Earth's ionosphere. But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> also includes certain intangible temporal things, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a>s, that remain relatively stable throughout their lifetimes. On the other hand, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> excludes "purely temporal" intangibles such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. thing existing stably in time SomethingExisting letter LetterCopy The collection of copies of letters (#$Letter-Missive). These may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s on instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfPaper</a> or photon patterns being emitted from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXCI_bKU4Ed2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">CathodeRayTube</a>, for example. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type